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Rear Admiral Roy Milton〔Blair, Clay, Jr. ''Silent Victory'' (New York: Bantam, 1976), p.1019.〕 Davenport (June 18, 1909 – December 24, 1987) was an officer in the United States Navy. He is the first individual and only sailor to be awarded five Navy Crosses, the United States military's second highest decoration for valor. Admiral Davenport was awarded these military decorations while serving as a submarine commander in the Pacific during World War II. Davenport made 10 submarine war patrols, six as commanding officer. It was during these six patrols, in command of ''Gato''-class submarines USS ''Haddock'' and USS ''Trepang'', that he received five Navy Crosses, two Silver Star Medals, two Navy and Marine Corps Commendation Medals, two Presidential Unit Citations, Combat Action Ribbon, and the Navy Unit Commendation Ribbon. Besides nine additional military awards, he was awarded the Submarine Combat Patrol Insignia with 2 silver star devices (for ten war patrols). These are documented in his autobiography, ''Clean Sweep'', 1986. A student of Christian Science, Davenport was dubbed the "praying skipper" and was known for his daring attacks against Japanese ships, often executed on the surface to gain additional speed. In all, he was credited during the Pacific War with sinking 17 Japanese ships and damaging 10, but this was reduced to 8 by JANAC postwar evaluations. While none of the men under his command were lost, he and his crews experienced many close calls and escapes. He credited his religious faith for his successes. ==History== Davenport was born in Kansas City, Kansas, and grew up in the Midwest. In June 1933 he graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy as an ensign. In 1935, he married Jane Andre Gorham, who would be his wife for 52 years; together they had one son, Roy Davenport II. His first naval assignment was on the battleship ''Texas''. The next year he attended Submarine School in New London, Connecticut. Upon graduation he was temporarily assigned to the training ship ''R-2'' until the ''Cachalot'' arrived on the East Coast to be re-engined. After some time in Panama, he arrived in Pearl Harbor in June, 1939. In 1941, Davenport was serving in ''Silversides'', as Executive Officer under Lt. Cdr. Creed Burlingame. After four patrols aboard, Burlingame recommended him for a command of his own. Beyond the expected and usual depth charging after attacks on ships, there were close escapes. Once, a Japanese airplane dropped 3 bombs directly on the Silversides. The sub survived; although during escape, it went into a hard dive with bow planes jammed, exceeding its design depth. At the last moment, Exec Davenport removed a cotter key, enabling the sub to level off to avoid being crushed.〔Davenport, Clean Sweep, (New York:Vantage Press, 1986) p. 11〕 On another occasion, a torpedo, half stuck in the firing chamber required re-firing. If unsuccessfully re-fired, it could have sunk the sub. Another time, Davenport had to wrestle a pistol from a drunken gunner's mate who felt that he had been robbed in a dice game. The sailor was removed from the sub in a straitjacket.〔Davenport, p. 14-20 and Hoyt, Edwin Palmer, ''Now Hear This, The Story of American Sailors in World War II'' (Paragon House, 1993) p. 157-158〕 Davenport was given , replacing Art Taylor, who was relieved at the orders of Admiral Robert English for circulating "subversive literature" (a poem critical of English and his staff).〔Blair, pp.326-8.〕 ''Haddock'' achieved three successful patrols; Davenport's first patrol in command was off the Palau Islands, sinking two confirmed ships, ''Toyo Maru'' and ''Arima Maru'', for 9,200 tons. His wartime credit was one for 11,900. He was unable to close nearer than to the Japanese aircraft carriers ''Hiyō'' and ''Junyō''. After 39 days at sea, ''Haddock'' went in for extensive refit to repair a defective, potentially lethal, conning tower. At a depth of 415 feet, it had almost imploded. To close the hatch to save the boat from sinking, Davenport hit the hatch with a sledgehammer. The conning tower held, and Haddock escaped.〔Blair, pp.384.〕 On Davenport's second patrol, he returned to the Palaus, where he sank the 5,533-ton ''Saipan Maru'', and on July 26, 1943 they fired a total of fifteen Mark XIV torpedoes at ranges between in four attacks, believing he scored one hit. Credited with one ship sunk for 10,900 tons and damage to another for 35,000 tons, he was awarded his first Navy Cross; this score was later corrected to one ship sunk at 5,500 tons. In August 1943, Davenport was dispatched to Truk, making a 27-day patrol that would earn him a second Navy Cross. He fired four torpedoes on a ship on September 15, claiming two hits and fire aboard the target, which nevertheless tried to ram, leading Davenport to fire two more "down the throat". On September 20, he encountered a large tanker, the 19,000 ton ''Tonan Maru II'',〔Blair, p.779〕 and fired six torpedoes from , claiming "at least three certain hits". On the night of 21/September 22, he attacked another ship, missing with two torpedoes from , and on the 23rd, firing a total of eight, his last, at another, claiming three hits. For his third patrol, he was credited with three ships sunk, a total of 39,200 tons. Departing Pearl Harbor in October, he returned to Truk for another 27-day patrol, and on 1/November 2, attacked a freighter and troopship on the surface firing four torpedoes at the freighter at and one at the troopship from . The freighter was claimed to have sunk immediately, the troopship to have caught fire then settle. The next night, encountering three Japanese destroyers, Davenport fired four torpedoes at one of them from , claiming a hit midships, and a sinking. And finally, on 5/November 6, ''Haddock'' found two tankers, firing three bow torpedoes at each from and all four stern tubes at the escort. The stern shots all missed, but Davenport reported hits in both tankers. After reloading, he fired two more torpedoes at each, claiming both tankers sunk. The second Truk patrol earned Davenport credit for five ships and 32,600 tons, including the escort, plus damage to one for 4,000 tons.〔Blair, p.517.〕 None were confirmed by postwar JANAC, while Davenport, backed by his executive officers, believe the Japanese attempted to deceive the Allies into thinking the tankers remained in service.〔Blair, pp.486-488.〕 Afterward, "at his own request", Davenport was detached for a rest and new construction, and "Beetle" Roach was given ''Haddock''. Davenport would return to duty with the new ''Balao''-class〔Lenton, H. T. ''American Submarines'' (New York: Doubleday, 1973), p.78.〕 ''Trepang''. On September 30, 1944 off Honshu, Davenport fired six torpedoes on two large tankers, a large freighter, and an escort, claiming a hit in one tanker; JANAC confirmed only sinking of a 750-ton freighter, ''Taknuan Maru''. Davenport weathered a typhoon and, on 10/October 11, picked up a convoy of two tankers and one escort. Firing four stern tubes, he claimed three hits. No sinkings were confirmed in Japanese records. The next night, he fired four torpedoes at a Japanese landing craft, believing all missed. Postwar, he was credited with the 1,000 ton ''Transport No. 5''. On 12/October 13, lying off Iro Zaki, Davenport made radar contact with two ships, believing them at first to be aircraft carriers, then battleships, escorted by destroyers. He fired all six bow tubes at one "battleship". He claimed hits in one destroyer, suggesting it sank immediately, and at least one hit in the first "battleship". He then swung and fired all four stern tubes, his last remaining torpedoes, at the other "battleship"; all missed. Back in Majuro, he was credited with three ships of 22,300 tons and damage to a ''Yamashiro''-class battleship for 29,300 tons, earning him a fourth Navy Cross.〔Blair, p.707-709.〕 On his next patrol to Luzon Strait, Davenport led a "wolfpack" called "Roy's Rangers" consisting of ''Trepang'', James Fulp's ''Segundo'', and Charles Brown's ''Razorback''〔Hoyt, p.256.〕 He fired twenty-two torpedoes in all, claiming four ships for 35,000 tons; this was reduced postwar to three for 13,000.〔Blair, p.779.〕 After this, his tenth war patrol, Davenport requested shore duty, and became a maritime engineering instructor at Annapolis. Except for those who earned the Medal of Honor, such as Dick O'Kane, he was the Submarine Force's most decorated member.〔Blair, p.804.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Roy M. Davenport」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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